In a resiliency model, promotive factors of individual resiliency are best described as factors that?

In the context of a resiliency model, promotive factors are those elements that actively support and bolster an individual's ability to navigate challenges and stressors. These factors are crucial as they not only reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes but also promote healthy development by fostering strengths and positive experiences.

This concept emphasizes that rather than merely preventing risks, promotive factors enhance an individual's overall well-being and capacity for resilience. These can include supportive relationships, positive coping strategies, and access to resources that nurture personal growth. Therefore, option D captures the essence of how these factors operate within the resiliency framework, highlighting their role in both mitigating risk and encouraging healthy development.

In contrast, the other options focus on aspects that do not align with the definition of promotive factors, such as consistently present environmental elements, contributions to stress, and understanding health—none of which directly relate to enhancing resilience in the same positive manner as promotive factors do.